The Burundian media landscape is dominated by radio, even if in 2015 the most popular ones were destroyed.
-
159
Press freedom ranking
-
5.3%
Internet penetration
-
-
-
-
Presidential Republic
Government type
Despite the conflict and violence the country has seen, radio stations have grown in number since the state collapsed
-
167
Press freedom ranking
-
7.9 %
Internet penetration
-
-
Radio
Most trusted medium
-
-
Federal Presidential Republic
Government type
Traditionally, the most trusted source of information has been radio broadcast, in recent years closely followed by television...
-
-
85.2 %
Internet penetration
-
-
Radio
Most trusted medium
-
-
Higher education in journalism is consolidated in Iraq, but it has remained largely disconnected from global developments since the 1970s...
-
160
Press freedom ranking
-
36.2 %
Internet penetration
-
-
-
-
The Georgian media landscape reflects the transitional nature of the Georgian democratic system
-
-
52.9 %
Internet penetration
-
-
-
-
Unitary semi-presidential republic
Government type
Gaddafi’s regime nationalised all publishing and press organisations, no private press was allowed to operate in Libya for over 25 years
-
162
Press freedom ranking
-
58.7 %
Internet penetration
-
-
-
-
In transition
Government type
Pakistan’s is a multi-linguistic media landscape with clear urban-rural disparities.
-
139
Press freedom ranking
-
22.2 %
Internet penetration
-
-
-
-
Federal Presidential Republic
Government type
In Finland, the whole commercial media industry employs about 22,000 people and its turnover is €4.6bn...
-
-
92.5 %
Internet penetration
-
-
Radio
Most trusted medium
-
-
-
-
4.1%
Internet penetration
-
-
-
-
Semi-presidential Republic
Government type
Today, all media outlets are facing their most difficult times ever, but newspapers and magazines are suffering the most...
-
-
69.1 %
Internet penetration
-
-
Radio
Most trusted medium
-
-
Radio was established in the mid-1920s. In 1933, four private local radio companies were merged into a national, state-owned company...
-
-
99.6 %
Internet penetration
-
-
-
-
Constitutional monarchy
Government type
The media landscape in Sudan reflects an extremely restrictive environment coupled with a lack of institutional support.
-
174
Press freedom ranking
-
28.5 %
Internet penetration
-
-
-
-
Presidential Republic
Government type
Freedom of the press was observed in between 1918 and 1934 and since the Latvian independence drive (Atmoda) in the late 1980s...
-
-
85.6 %
Internet penetration
-
-
Radio
Most trusted medium
-
-
Print media with national and regional circulation have traditionally been those of superior influence and credibility in the country.
-
130
Press freedom ranking
-
63.2 %
Internet penetration
-
-
-
-
Presidential Republic
Government type
The United States media system has entered a period of intense change: the number of channels, and thus of competitors, is multiplying
-
-
95.6%
Internet penetration
-
-
-
-
Constitutional Federal Republic
Government type
Starting from 1990 the audiovisual system underwent a process of adaptation to new neoliberal regulations in telecommunications.
-
181
Press freedom ranking
-
32.5 %
Internet penetration
-
-
-
-
Presidential Republic
Government type
Television is a major agenda setter within the Italian public sphere. The audiences are higher than those in many other countries...
-
-
86.7 %
Internet penetration
-
-
Radio
Most trusted medium
-
-
Mobile telephones were introduced in 2002. Today, 19 million people are using mobile phones out of a population of approximately 32 million.
-
118
Press freedom ranking
-
15.7 %
Internet penetration
-
-
Radio
Most trusted medium
-
-
Presidential Islamic Republic
Government type
The Armenian print media are in a dire economic state. Newspaper printing is an exceedingly losing business
-
-
72.4%
Internet penetration
-
-
-
-
Parliamentary democracy
Government type
In recent years, the Lebanese media landscape has been facing one of its deepest crisis since the formal end of the civil war...
-
100
Press freedom ranking
-
76.1 %
Internet penetration
-
-
-
-
The Dutch media are going digital at a rapid pace. This is shown by the growth of digital users, with more than 90% of the population...
-
-
94.8 %
Internet penetration
-
-
Radio
Most trusted medium
-
-
Constitutional monarchy
Government type
Sweden has traditionally been more of a newspaper than television country. Today, it is a very digital country...
-
-
92.9 %
Internet penetration
-
-
Radio
Most trusted medium
-
-
Constitutional monarchy
Government type
Azerbaijani media are influenced by the political processes in the country and separated in pro-government and pro-opposition media
-
168
Press freedom ranking
-
79.0%
Internet penetration
-
-
-
-
Presidential Republic
Government type
Television is the most used and trusted media in the Philippines. Around 81 percent of the population watch television.
-
134
Press freedom ranking
-
-
-
-
-
Presidential Republic
Government type
The media landscape is characterized by two dominating groups: the public service broadcaster ORF and largest newspaper "Kronenzeitung"...
-
-
84.6 %
Internet penetration
-
-
Radio
Most trusted medium
-
-
Since the liberalisation of airwaves in 1992, the number of private radios increased exponentially, confirming radio as the most popular med
-
112
Press freedom ranking
-
63.4 %
Internet penetration
-
-
-
-
Semi-presidential Republic
Government type
In Myanmar, Facebook "is" the Internet. It enjoys supremacy over all other forms of social media
-
131
Press freedom ranking
-
33.4 %
Internet penetration
-
-
-
-
Parliamentary Republic
Government type
The number of daily copies printed is decreasing along with sales, which have dropped by more than half as of 2019.
-
114
Press freedom ranking
-
30.6%
Internet penetration
-
-
-
-
Presidential Republic
Government type
The media landscape painted in Spain in the early 1990s survives to a great extent today and, with it, its wide ideological range...
-
-
87.1 %
Internet penetration
-
-
Radio
Most trusted medium
-
-
Constitutional monarchy
Government type
Egypt features a media landscape which have witnessed many changes and challenges since the January 25 revolution in 2011.
-
161
Press freedom ranking
-
49.5 %
Internet penetration
-
-
-
-
Presidential Republic
Government type
Radio has remained very popular in the UK and audience numbers have not declined in the same way as other platforms.
-
-
94.8 %
Internet penetration
-
-
Radio
Most trusted medium
-
-
Parliamentary Constitutional Monarchy
Government type
The journalism profession offers free access to all people including those who do not have a university education in journalism.
-
154
Press freedom ranking
-
11.7 %
Internet penetration
-
-
-
-
Semi-presidential Republic
Government type
TV has traditionally been one of the main telecommunication media and it is still the most used.
-
143
Press freedom ranking
-
53.1 %
Internet penetration
-
-
-
-
Federal presidential republic
Government type
Over the last 30 years, regional press monopolies have been established in almost all regions...
-
-
89.4 %
Internet penetration
-
-
-
-
The Ukrainian media market had to be developed from scratch since the country gained independence from the Soviet Union in 1991.
-
101
Press freedom ranking
-
93.0 %
Internet penetration
-
-
-
-
Semi-presidential Republic
Government type
Syria cannot be considered any longer a unitary context. What is true in one area of the country does not necessarily apply to the others...
-
177
Press freedom ranking
-
31.9 %
Internet penetration
-
-
-
-
Radio broadcasting in Russia is developing with a comparatively good business dynamic.
-
148
Press freedom ranking
-
76.4 %
Internet penetration
-
-
-
-
Semi-Presidential Republic
Government type
Once dominated by print, radio and television, the Nigerian media landscape is now experiencing a disruption by digital platforms
-
122
Press freedom ranking
-
50.2 %
Internet penetration
-
-
-
-
Federal Presidential Republic
Government type
Press, radio and TV markets are affected by a growing concentration in which main media outlets are held by fewer companies
-
-
86.8 %
Internet penetration
-
-
Radio
Most trusted medium
-
-
Semi-Presidential Republic
Government type
Two years of war have changed the Yemeni media landscape for worst in terms of publications, independence, freedom of the media...
-
167
Press freedom ranking
-
24.6 %
Internet penetration
-
-
-
-
The written press has endured a deep crisis throughout the last years, with loss of readers and advertising...
-
-
72.4 %
Internet penetration
-
-
-
-
Nepal’s newspapers have a history of over a hundred years but the first private commercial daily newspaper began publishing in 1993.
-
100
Press freedom ranking
-
54.7 %
Internet penetration
-
-
-
-
Federal Presidential Republic
Government type
Bangladesh is one of the countries where Internet is growing at a good pace.
-
147
Press freedom ranking
-
48.4 %
Internet penetration
-
-
-
-
Parliamentary Republic
Government type
Political parties exist in Iran But they do not play an effective role in the political arena, for this reason the media, particularly
-
164
Press freedom ranking
-
70.0 %
Internet penetration
-
-
-
-
Television is the most important medium in the country. It is the most widespread and the one that receives the most from advertisers.
-
-
50.3%
Internet penetration
-
-
-
-
Presidential Republic
Government type
The German-speaking media market is comprised of about 100 M people, characterised by a long and deeply-rooted tradition of the press...
-
-
89.6 %
Internet penetration
-
-
Radio
Most trusted medium
-
-
Print, radio and TV have not invested on acquiring an Internet presence and suffer as a result from a chronic lack of visibility.
-
145
Press freedom ranking
-
5.3%
Internet penetration
-
-
-
-
Presidential Republic
Government type
In the past decade, Mexico has become one of the riskiest and deadliest countries where to practice journalism, excluding those at war.
-
147
Press freedom ranking
-
65.3 %
Internet penetration
-
-
-
-
Federal Presidential Republic
Government type
Unlike other media, television has not lost the leadership in being one of the most influential channels to shape Guatemalans’ opinions.
-
116
Press freedom ranking
-
34.5 %
Internet penetration
-
-
-
-
Presidential Republic
Government type
Belgium is a country with a highly complex political structure and is divided into three different language communities...
-
-
87.9 %
Internet penetration
-
-
Radio
Most trusted medium
-
-
Constitutional monarchy
Government type
Hungarian viewers have a choice of over 130 nationwide free or subscription channels and a total of 390 local and regional channels...
-
-
80.5 %
Internet penetration
-
-
-
-
Radio is one of the most popular media in Indonesia and is broadcasted everywhere in the country
-
124
Press freedom ranking
-
53.7 %
Internet penetration
-
-
-
-
Presidential Republic
Government type
Radio is the most largely consumed and trusted media in South Sudan. In Juba city alone, 66 percent of the population have access to radio.
-
139
Press freedom ranking
-
16.8%
Internet penetration
-
-
Radio
Most trusted medium
-
-
Presidential Republic
Government type
Television is by far the most popular type of media in Serbia.Today, there are more than 200 TV stations
-
-
67.1 %
Internet penetration
-
-
-
-
Parliamentary Republic
Government type
The Burundian media landscape is dominated by radio, even if in 2015 the most popular ones were destroyed.
-
159
Press freedom ranking
-
5.3%
Internet penetration
-
-
-
-
Presidential Republic
Government type
Despite the conflict and violence the country has seen, radio stations have grown in number since the state collapsed
-
167
Press freedom ranking
-
7.9 %
Internet penetration
-
-
Radio
Most trusted medium
-
-
Federal Presidential Republic
Government type
Expert analyses
of the state of media